|
Pluto, also called Pluto the Pup,〔Disney, Walt. ''Walt Disney's Story of Pluto The Pup''. Whitman BLB, 1938.〕 is a cartoon character created in 1930 by Walt Disney Productions. He is a yellow orange-color, medium-sized, short-haired dog with black ears. Unlike most Disney characters, Pluto is not anthropomorphic beyond some characteristics such as facial expression, though he did speak for a short portion of his history.〔Farrell, Ken. ''Warman's Disney Collectibles Field Guide: Values and Identification''. Iola, WI: Krause Publications, 2011. p. 308.〕 He is Mickey Mouse's pet. Officially a mixed-breed dog,〔 he made his debut as a bloodhound in the Mickey Mouse cartoon ''The Chain Gang''.〔Smith, Dave. ''Disney A to Z: The Updated Official Encyclopedia''. New York: Hyperion, 1998. Print. ISBN 0-7868-6391-9.〕 Together with Mickey Mouse, Minnie Mouse, Donald Duck, Daisy Duck, and Goofy, Pluto is one of the "Sensational Six"—the biggest stars in the Disney universe.〔Stewart, James B. ''Disney War''. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2005. p. 5.〕 Though all six are non-human animals, Pluto alone is not dressed as a human.〔Griffin, Sean. ''Tinker Belles and Evil Queens: The Walt Disney Company from the Inside Out''. New York: New York UP, 2000. p. 70.〕 Pluto debuted in animated cartoons and appeared in 24 ''Mickey Mouse'' films before receiving his own series in 1937. All together Pluto appeared in 89 short films between 1930 and 1953. Several of these were nominated for an Academy Award, including ''The Pointer'' (1939), ''Squatter's Rights'' (1946), ''Pluto's Blue Note'' (1947), and ''Mickey and the Seal'' (1948). One of his films, ''Lend a Paw'' (1941), won the award in 1942.〔Note: Pluto also appears in the Academy Award-nominated films ''Building a Building'' (1933) and ''Runaway Brain'' (1995), but does not play a significant role in either.〕 Because Pluto does not speak, his films generally rely on physical humor. This made Pluto a pioneering figure in character animation, which is expressing personality through animation rather than dialogue.〔"(The Flypaper Sequence Mystery )," essay by Michael Barrier〕 Like all of Pluto's co-stars, the dog has appeared extensively in comics over the years, first making an appearance in 1931.〔(Pluto ) at INDUCKS〕 He returned to theatrical animation in 1990 with ''The Prince and the Pauper'' and has also appeared in several direct-to-video films. Pluto also appears in the television series ''Mickey Mouse Works'' (1999–2000), ''House of Mouse'' (2001–2003), and ''Mickey Mouse Clubhouse'' (2006–2013). In 1998, Disney's copyright on Pluto, set to expire in several years, was extended by the passage of the Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act. Disney, along with other studios, lobbied for passage of the act to preserve their copyrights on characters such as Pluto for 20 additional years.〔Sprigman, Chris. FindLaw's Writ, March 5, 2002, "(THE MOUSE THAT ATE THE PUBLIC DOMAIN: Disney, The Copyright Term Extension Act, And eldred V. Ashcroft )". Accessed September 19, 2012.〕 ==Origin== Pluto first appeared as a nameless bloodhound tracking the escaped convict Mickey in the film ''The Chain Gang'' (September 1930).〔Watts, Steven. ''The Magic Kingdom: Walt Disney and the American Way of Life''. Columbia, MO: U of Missouri, 2001. p. 132.〕 A month and a half later, Pluto appeared as Minnie Mouse's dog named Rover who comes along with her and Mickey on a picnic. By his third appearance, in ''The Moose Hunt'' (1931), Pluto is Mickey's pet, now named "Pluto".〔Smith, Dave. ''Disney Trivia from the Vault: Secrets Revealed and Questions Answered''. New York: Disney Editions, 2012.〕 Several months had passed between the naming of what was believed to be the ninth planet, Pluto, on March 24, 1930, and the attachment of that name to the dog character. Venetia Burney (later Venetia Phair), who as an eleven-year-old British schoolgirl had suggested the name Pluto for the planet, remarked in 2006: "The name had nothing to do with the Disney cartoon. Mickey Mouse's dog was named after the planet, not the other way around." Although it has been claimed that Disney named the dog after the planet, rather than after the mythical god of the underworld, this has not been verified. Disney animator Ben Sharpsteen said "We thought the name () was too common, so we had to look for something else. ... We changed it to Pluto the Pup ... but I don't honestly remember why." Disney says they have no documents to support or refute the connection.〔Weintraub, David A. ''Nature'' 444, December 21, 2006, "BOOK REVIEWED-Is Pluto a Planet? A Historical Journey Through the Solar System", pp 1006-1007, .〕 Unofficially, even Disney's animators believed that Walt Disney chose the name to capitalize on the sensation of the newly named planet.〔Boyle, Alan. ''The Case for Pluto: How a Little Planet Made a Big Difference''. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2009. p. 49.〕 Pluto was initially a minor character until 1934, when Disney animator Norm Ferguson gave the dog a key role in the cartoon ''Playful Pluto''. Pluto becomes entangled with a sticky piece of flypaper, and Ferguson expanded the sequence significantly. The segment became a classic, demonstrating how Disney artists can take a simple circumstance and build humor through a character.〔Finch, Christopher, pages 71, 74, 91, 106, 111, and 230. ''The Art of Walt Disney'', 2004〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pluto (Disney)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|